प्रदूषण के मानकों पर दिल्ली और एनसीआर सहित 122 शहरों ने नहीं किया है पालन : ज्योत्सना महंत
भुवन वर्मा, बिलासपुर 19 दिसंबर 2019
दिल्ली । वायु प्रदूषण पर मुखर सांसद ज्योत्सना के सवालों पर पर्यावरण राज्य मंत्री बाबुल सुप्रियो ने दी जानकारी राष्ट्रीय राजधानी दिल्ली सहित देश के विभिन्न शहरों में बढ़ते वायु प्रदूषण की गंभीरतम स्थिति पर कोरबा लोकसभा क्षेत्र की सांसद श्रीमती ज्योत्सना चरणदास महंत ने अपनी चिंता व्यक्त की है। उन्होंने वायु प्रदूषण रोकने के लिए केन्द्र सरकार द्वारा राज्य सरकारों को जारी निर्देश, वायु प्रदूषण रोकने के लिए सरकार द्वारा तय उत्सर्जन मानदंड, प्रदूषण पर काबू पाने के लिए ऑड-इवन योजना लागू करने का विचार, देशभर में पटाखों के निर्माण और बिक्री पर प्रतिबंध तथा महानगरों में वायु प्रदूषण को नियंत्रित करने व्यवस्थित और वैज्ञानिक कार्यान्वयन प्रक्रिया के संबंध में सरकार के पास उपलब्ध ब्यौरे की जानकारी चाही।
पर्यावरण, वन और जलवायु परिवर्तन राज्य मंत्री बाबुल सुप्रियो ने सांसद श्रीमती महंत के सवालों का जवाब दिया। उन्हें अवगत कराया गया कि दिल्ली की समग्र वायु गुणवत्ता में वर्ष 2018 की तुलना में जनवरी 2019 से 2 नवंबर 2019 तक समग्र सुधार हुआ है। अच्छे से मध्यम दिनों की संख्या 2018 में 157 थी जो बढ़कर 2019 में 175 हो गई है। खराब से गंभीर दिनों की संख्या 2018 में 149 थी जो घटकर 131 हो गई है। सीपीसीबी ने वर्ष 2014-2018 के दौरान राष्ट्रीय परिवेशी वायु गुणवत्ता मानकों से अधिक वायु गुणवत्ता के स्तरों के आधार पर दिल्ली और एनसीआर सहित अनुपालन न करने वाले 122 शहरों की पहचान की है। ऐसे शहरों के लिए अनुमोदित शहरी कार्ययोजना के वास्तविक क्रियान्वयन हेतु राज्यों को वायु (प्रदूषण निवारण और नियंत्रण) अधिनियम 1981 की धारा 31 क के अधीन निर्देश जारी किए गए हैं।
राज्य मंत्री बाबुल सुप्रियो ने बताया कि पर्यावरण, वन और जलवायु परिवर्तन मंत्रालय ने लगभग 63 उद्योग-विशिष्ट उत्सर्जन मानक तैयार किए हैं और 6 उत्सर्जन मानकों, ताप विद्युत संयंत्र, चीनी, मानव निर्मित रेशे, उर्वरक, सीमेंट और ईंट भ_ी को संशोधित किया गया है। इसके अतिरिक्त नवंबर 2009 में राष्ट्रीय परिवेशी वायु गुणवत्ता मानक अधिसूचित किए गए थे।
12 जनवरी 2017 को अधिसूचित ग्रेडिड रिस्पांस कार्ययोजना में अपातकालीन (अति गंभीर) उपायों के तौर पर न्यूनतम छूट के साथ वायु प्रदूषण पर काबू पाने के लिए स्थायी आधार पर यातायात नियंत्रण योजना ऑड-ईवन स्कीम को सूचीबद्ध किया गया है।
ध्वनि नियम 2000 में ध्वनि स्तर से अधिक वाले पटाखों का विनिर्माण, बिक्री या उपयोग करना प्रतिबंधित है। पेट्रोलियम और विस्फोटक सुरक्षा संगठन (पीईएसओ) द्वारा तय सुरक्षा विनियमों का पालन कराना अपेक्षित है। भारत की नीति के अनुसार देश में नवीनतम वैज्ञानिक साक्ष्य के आधार पर पटाखों के निर्माण और उपयोग को विनियमित करना है एवं पारि-अनुकुलन पटाखों या हरित पटाखों के उत्पादन को बढ़ावा दिया गया है। पीईएसओ द्वारा अनुज्ञा प्राप्त पटाखा उद्योग ने ऐसे हरित पटाखों का निर्माण और विक्रय प्रारंभ किया है। सरकार ने देश में वायु गुणवत्ता को नियंत्रित करने की क्रियान्वयन पद्धति को व्यवस्थित और वैज्ञानिक ढंग से अभिकल्पित किया है। देशभर में वायु प्रदूषण के निवारण, नियंत्रण और उपशमन हेतु अनेक उपाय पहले ही कर लिए गए हैं। मंत्रालय द्वारा बदरपुर ताप विद्युत संयंत्र को 15 अक्टूबर 2018 से बंद कर दिया गया है। औद्योगिक क्षेत्रों के लिए समय-समय पर उत्सर्जन मानकों में संशोधन किए जाते हैं। ग्रीन गुड डीड्स के माध्यम से पर्यावरण संरक्षण के लिए जनता की भागीदारी और नागरिकों में जागरूकता को बढ़ावा इस मंत्रालय के द्वारा दिया जा रहा है।
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Rolex watches
Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Watchmaking
COSC Accreditation and its Stringent Standards
COSC, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the official Swiss testing agency that attests to the accuracy and precision of wristwatches. COSC accreditation is a sign of superior craftsmanship and dependability in timekeeping. Not all timepiece brands pursue COSC accreditation, such as Hublot, which instead sticks to its proprietary stringent standards with mechanisms like the UNICO, attaining equivalent accuracy.
The Science of Exact Chronometry
The core system of a mechanized watch involves the mainspring, which delivers power as it unwinds. This mechanism, however, can be susceptible to external factors that may influence its precision. COSC-certified movements undergo demanding testing—over fifteen days in various conditions (5 positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and reliability. The tests evaluate:
Average daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 secs.
Mean variation, highest variation rates, and effects of temperature changes.
Why COSC Validation Is Important
For timepiece aficionados and connoisseurs, a COSC-validated timepiece isn’t just a item of technology but a testament to enduring excellence and precision. It signifies a watch that:
Provides excellent dependability and precision.
Provides assurance of superiority across the whole design of the watch.
Is likely to retain its value more efficiently, making it a sound choice.
Well-known Timepiece Brands
Several renowned manufacturers prioritize COSC certification for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Record and Spirit, which feature COSC-certified mechanisms equipped with advanced substances like silicone equilibrium suspensions to improve durability and performance.
Historic Background and the Development of Chronometers
The idea of the chronometer originates back to the requirement for exact timekeeping for navigational at sea, highlighted by John Harrison’s work in the 18th cent. Since the formal foundation of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the certification has become a benchmark for assessing the precision of high-end watches, maintaining a tradition of excellence in horology.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-validated watch is more than an aesthetic selection; it’s a dedication to quality and accuracy. For those appreciating accuracy above all, the COSC validation provides peacefulness of thoughts, ensuring that each certified watch will operate reliably under various circumstances. Whether for personal contentment or as an investment decision, COSC-accredited timepieces stand out in the world of watchmaking, maintaining on a legacy of meticulous timekeeping.
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